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The most typical question I am asked by individuals building a first enquiry about counselling is ‘What kind of counselling do you do?’

What exactly is usually meant from this is, ‘What types of problem would you offer counselling for?’ Most counsellors and psychotherapists, myself included, usually do not focus on one kind of problem, as everything or difficulties affecting feelings and thinking have similarities, and mostly answer therapy in similar ways.

Therefore the answer to the issue ‘What types of problem do you offer counselling for?’ could be similar to ‘Difficulties with feelings and thinking’, as an alternative to specific single issues like, say, ‘low self esteem’, or ‘fear of failure’. Most counselling and psychotherapy works with the whole person, and usually separate off one thing they’re thinking or feeling or doing.

This can be only a general rule, however. There are many therapies who do concentrate on particular forms of issue, often ones which use a particular solution-based approach. Counselling for addictions is definitely an obvious example, a specialism which often involves a progressive, guided programme. Others might be bereavement or eating problems. Particular part of the population, such as the younger generation or women, might also be recognized as groups needing an experienced professional approach to some amount, but on the whole these utilize the same techniques every other psychological counselling. The main difference could be that this agency may be set up to take care of that particular issue or group, has gotten funding for this, and thus focuses it’s resources in that area. A person counsellor or psychothearpist may deal in a particlar area as it has especially interested them, or they’ve done extra trained in it, or it could be had particular connection with the matter themselves.

What counsellors and psychotherapists mean when they speak of several types of treatments are the gap in the theoretical orientation from the therapist, not in the kinds of problem in that they can specialise. There are numerous or appraoches, broadly divisible into the three regions of Humanistic, Psychodynamic and Cognitve-Behavioural. A good short description of each sort of approach and it is subdivisions is beyond the scope of this article. Let me therefore limit it for the two main approaches i employ myself, Person Centred (a ‘humanistic’ approach) and Psychodynamic.

Person Centred Counselling and Psychotherapy

At the centre of the Person Centred approach could be the proven fact that the Counsellor is often a ‘guest’ in the world of the client’s experience, with all that implies regarding respect and trust.

The client is regarded as essentially trustworthy, that he or she knows somewhere, somehow, what they already want, and that they possess a wish to have growth. The counsellor can help bring these into awareness and help the customer to use them.

Another central concept is ‘conditions of worth’. Conditions are imposed at the start of life through which an individual measures their very own value, how acceptable or unacceptable they may be. An easy example could be ‘Don’t ever be angry, or else you will be an unsightly, shameful person, and you will probably not loved.’ The material this carries may be something similar to ‘If I’m angry it indicates I’m worthless, thus must do not be angry.’ The individual will in the end feel angry, possibly frequently, and conclude out of this that they must therefore be worthless, ugly, shameful. Another could possibly be ‘If you never flourish academically, it indicates you are stupid and will also be a failure in life’. This type of condition will tend to stick with anybody indefinitely, and he or she could have been struggling for decades to reside around what could not be possible conditions of worth. If this type of inner conviction is delivered to light, and roots understood fully, it might be that this person can easily see that it is not actually true, this has been put there by others, and my be capable of get off it.

Anyone Centred Counsellor endeavors to be ‘with’ the client being a form of companion. The Counsellor respecting and accepting the person, anything they are like, will lead to the individual him or herself visiting think that they turns out to be acceptable, and coming into contact with a far more genuine, ‘organismic’ self containing for ages been there for some reason, but been hidden. They may then become more genuine, less preoccupied with appearances and facades, or living up to the expectations of others.They will often value their particular feelings more, good or bad. They may set out to enjoy their example of as soon as. They will often value others more, and luxuriate in in relation to them, instead of feeling oppressed, shy, inferior.

The Counsellor achieves this by setting up a climate of acceptance within that your client will get her or himself. Certain therapeutic conditions facilitate this, conditions laid down from the founding father of this method, Carl Rogers. For instance ,:

The therapist’s genuineness, or authenticity. This may ‘t be just acted, it should be real or it will likely be worthless.

Total acceptance of the client, and positive regard for them, regardless how they appear to be.

‘Empathic understanding’, the therapist really being aware what your client is saying, and, further, showing the consumer their feelings are already understood.

Psychodynamic Counselling and Psychotherapy

Psychodynamic, or Psychoanalytic, therapy attempts to foster an interaction which include unconscious elements of the consumer. An entire lifetime’s experience, most powerfully what are the person realizes from her or his first relationships in early childhood, determines what sort of client relates to others. This will emerge in some form in the therapeutic relationship too, and the therapist must be alert to what forces and influences might be at work within the client.

This strategy won’t bring that concept of ‘free will’. It doesn’t see our thinking, feeling and decisions due to conscious awareness, speculate the outcomes of many forces that happen to be operating beneath conscious awareness. The individual is acting and in relation to others largely because result of the instincts these are born with, as well as what they’ve got discovered themselves, largely through the nature of these close relationships during the early life.

This ‘personality’ is made from the crucible of the early experience. If, for example, the key carer in the child has not yet fed her properly, this is laid down in being an anxiety. This might be simply about being fed, about getting enough to eat, or it can be extended by the infant into related things, like trust (they’ve learned to not trust that food, or even the carer, is going to be there as required), or insecurity about life in general, or possibly a feeling of there always being something lacking. An effect could be overeating, say, or greed in different ways, for goods, or neediness, anxious require for the presence of others, or one other. This can be one of them. You can find myriad sorts of operations on this kind inside the psyche, forming from birth, effortlessly sorts of subtleties and variations. These are almost all laid down within a amount of anybody that isn’t offered to the conscious mind, and so are acted out unconsciously.

The therapist needs to be alert to the of these unconscious networks, and exactly how they are doing work in the session along with an individual’s life. The client’s actions and thoughts and feelings might be ‘interpreted’ through the therapist, when it comes to how their unconscious may be directing them. Or, perhaps less controversially, how early experience probably have triggered the way they are now. In discussing this, the customer may gain self knowledge, acceptance and more power over her or his life.

In relating to the psychotherapist, the consumer often see the therapist partly as ‘like’ another individual, say a parent. This is what’s called ‘transference’, because feelings originally evoked with the parent are ‘transferred’ on top of the therapist, where they are often made conscious and handled in therapy.

Integrative Counselling and Psychotherapy

Because name implies, an integrative approach efforts to integrate more than one theories into one unified method.

I have faith that it is sometimes complicated to integrate Person Centred and Psychodynamic orientations into one, because they are in several ways antithetical. The concept with the ‘expert’ for instance. Person Centred Counselling tries to avoid a situation where a single person is incorporated in the role of ‘expert’ and yet another may be the passive receiver of wisdom. In Psychodynamic counselling or psychotherapy it can seem challenging to avoid this. The practitioner will be the holder products can seem as an arcane knowledge, primarily from the workings in the unconscious, knowledge which can be transmitted in interpretations of the the client says. This contrasts which has a simple but ‘prized’ acceptance from the client and what you might say, without interpretation, as is true with the Person Centred approach.

Not surprisingly form of difficulty, however, I do believe it is very easy to integrate portions of in a layout that is far better than either alone. That you could operate in a largely person centred way, accepting and valuing the individual and anything they say, and yet keep in mind past influences on how an individual is now. This includes the therapist learning the psychodynamic possibilities underlying the interaction between therapist along with the client. I believe that there will inevitably be some ‘transference’, and at least some expectation the therapist holds skills and knowledge which the client does not have, which will bring about certain feelings from the client. Transference can often be affecting Person Centred Counselling just as one obstacle being overcome as soon as possible, and while To be sure that it ought to be be brought into awareness, I believe that it could be a valuable tool, never to be dismissed too early, and never to become undervalued.

The counsellor must strive to be aware of all elements which can be operating inside the relationship anytime, and just how these might vary at different times, and decide which of these should be said to the client for his or her benefit. I believe that you are able to share, tentatively, some ‘psychodynamic’ possibilities without losing the essential ‘Person Centred’ conditions of respect and genuineness. This integration of two approaches within an experienced psychotherapist, who is not relying simply on putting into operation a learned theory but can also be meeting the client as genuinely and fully as is possible as two real people, has remarkable power to help people see fuller and more satisfying means of experiencing themselves in addition to their lives.

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